本研究「無我觀點的客體關係創傷治療模式」發表於2023年第六屆社會科學本土化學術研討會暨第七屆本土諮商心理學學術研討會。

傳統西方心理學試圖從自我的角度來理解創傷調適的心理功能，西方的創傷理論始於佛洛伊德，他認為創傷事件會擊潰人的心靈，在潛意識留下痕跡。客體關係理論認為創傷會傷害好的內在客體，使壞的客體功能增強，主體產生負向和退化創傷經驗，治療方式為透過內化治療師的涵容功能，恢復安全感，重建信任，其次能哀悼失去的客體，重新與所愛客體產生連結。

無我觀點提供創傷治療另一種視角，無我的概念是佛教中的核心概念，佛教徒不認同保持或追求自我是好的，這與西方心理學理論著重在追求自我與自尊等不同，而是建築在自我的本質不是永久及不存在的特性。

西方客體關係的論點與「無我」有相似之處，「無我」觀點的心理治療，強調消融自我中心，回到不依賴任何事物而恆常獨立的「自性空」本質，因此客體關係心理治療與「無我」心理治療都希望能透過心理治療歷程消除全能感，增進個體的獨立與成長。

本文的目的是提出基於無我觀點的客體關係創傷治療模式，比較自我和無我的創傷治療之不同，以及探討加入了吸收佛教智慧後的無我觀點對治療關係的影響，客體關係創傷治療如何運作，並從無我視角探討治療師如何在治療關係中提供佛教智慧的慈悲心、不執著態度。承上所述，作為涵容個案的基礎，協助個案恢復安全感，重建連結，為今後的創傷研究提供可能的方向。


Traditional Western psychology attempts to understand the psychological functioning of trauma adaptation from the perspective of the self. Western trauma theory originated with Freud, who believed that traumatic events would shatter a person's psyche, leaving traces in the subconscious. Object relations theory posits that trauma harms the good internal object, leading to the enhancement of negative object functioning and the subject experiencing negative and regressive traumatic experiences. The therapeutic approach involves the internalization of the therapist's containing function to restore a sense of safety and rebuild trust. Additionally, it involves mourning the loss of the object and reestablishing connections with loved objects.

The perspective of non-self provides another viewpoint for trauma therapy. The concept of non-self is a core concept in Buddhism. Buddhists do not believe that maintaining or pursuing the self is beneficial. This is different from Western psychological theories that emphasize the pursuit of self and self-esteem. Instead, it is based on the understanding that the nature of the self is impermanent and non-existent.

The argument of Western object relations has similarities with the concept of "no-self." The psychological therapy based on the "no-self" perspective emphasizes the dissolution of self-centeredness and returning to the constant and independent nature of "self-emptiness" that does not rely on anything. Therefore, both object relations therapy and "no-self" therapy aim to eliminate omnipotence and enhance individual independence and growth through the process of psychological therapy.

The purpose of this article is to propose a Non-Self Object Relations focused Trauma Therapy Model. It compares the differences between self and non-self trauma treatment and explores the impact of incorporating Buddhist wisdom into the non-self perspective on the therapeutic relationship. The article also discusses how object relations trauma therapy operates and examines how therapists can provide Buddhist wisdom of compassion and non-attachment in the therapeutic relationship from a non-self perspective. In summary, this model aims to provide a foundation for containing the individual case, assisting in restoring a sense of safety, rebuilding connections, and offering possible directions for future trauma research.